| Islamic History | |
| 18 Feb 2009, NewAgeIslam.Com | |
| Why I love Imam Hussain | |
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Why I love Imam Hussain Yesterday was 'Chehlum', the fortieth day after the observance of Muharram, an event that is closer to my heart even more than Eid. I have been born and brought up in a family that has a great affinity with Imam Hussain and his cause. It has some sort of emotional attachment or appeal for all Muslims. The martyrdom of Imam Hussain bin Ali bin Abi Talib is a true example of non-violent resistance against a dictator or a tyrant or an unjust system where the poor are getting poorer day by day. -- Syed Hassan Kasim, Hindustan Times, New Delhi Hazrat Zainab (SA), Messenger of the Karbala Revolution The noble lady of Islam Hazrat Zainab (SA), the magnanimous daughter of Imam Ali (AS) safeguarded the holy region by conveying the message of the martyrs of Karbala through her fervent speeches, which served to awaken Muslims throughout the world. Syedah Zainab (S), in the Court of Yazid by: Dr. Qazi Shaikh Abbas Borhany, Attorney at Law, Karachi, Pakistan --- URLfor this page: http://newageislam.com/NewAgeIslamArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=1199 -----------------------
Why I love Imam Hussain Syed Hassan Kasim, Hindustan Times February 17, 2009
Yesterday was 'Chehlum', the fortieth day after the observance of Muharram, an event that is closer to my heart even more than Eid. I have been born and brought up in a family that has a great affinity with Imam Hussain and his cause. It has some sort of emotional attachment or appeal for all Muslims. The martyrdom of Imam Hussain bin Ali bin Abi Talib is a true example of non-violent resistance against a dictator or a tyrant or an unjust system where the poor are getting poorer day by day.
The commemoration of Muharram in India has a historical importance with people from all the major religions and castes once taking part in the morning to remember the sufferings of Imam Hussain against the tyrant Yazid bin Muawiyah.(in 61 AH, around October 20, 680 CE), by the Euphrates.
Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti, the great Sufi saint in the 12th century praised Imam Hussain in the following quartet. Shah ast Hussain, Baadshaan ast Hussain Deen ast Hussain, Deen panaah ast Hussain Sar daad, na daad dast dar dast e Yazeed Haqqa ke banaye La ilaah ast Hussain.
(Hussain is the king, indeed he is the king of kings. Hussain is faith and also the protector of faith. He gave his head but not his hand of allegiance in the hand of Yazid Indeed he was the founder of the concept of one God.)
The so-called custodians of Islam or the radicals who are killing innocents in the name of Islam have forgotten Imam Hussain and the basic tenets of Islam just as the zealots who massacred people in Gujarat in the name of a peaceful religion like Hinduism forgot the tolerance taught by Lord Rama.
It is most important today to tell the people about the sacrifice of Imam Hussain and his mission which will let them realise that those who commit barbaric acts of terrorism and call themselves Muslims are just terrorists and the majority of the world's Muslims think these acts go against the ideals and principles of Islam. ---
Syedah Zainab (S), in the Court of Yazid
By: Dr. Qazi Shaikh Abbas Borhany
Attorney at Law, Karachi, Pakistan
Published on 7th Muharram, 1427(AH), Daily News, Pakistan
When the caravan of Ahl al Bait reached at the outskirts of Damishq, an explicit order was served to Umar Saad. Prisoners were not allowed to enter into the capital, until the preparations of celebrations completed. Members of the diplomatic core, dignitaries and nobles were invited in to the court. Public were gathered at the street to observe the deplorable condition of the Ahl al Bait. Singers were instructed to demonstrate their talent; prostitutes were directed to please the people of the street. Such were the arrangements, which organized to welcome the prisoners, under the influence of the joy of so called victory of Yazid. Surrounded by the call girls and the low class crowd of Damishq, Ahl al Bait were led toward the palace of Yazid. "When the Ahl al Bait were brought as prisoners to Shaam, Yazid was sitting on the second story of his palace, at a place known as "Musharraf Jeroon". To observe the dreadful condition of the caravan, Yazid joyously recited the following verses:
* That caravan visible and on the peak of Jeroon, shining of the sun spread. * Crow made a noise (as a bad omen), I said: whether you make noise or not, I have received my debt (took revenge from the Rasul). (1-"Tazkirah", Sibt Ibn Jauzi, page 148,2- History Ibn al Qatafi),
When Ahl al Bait entered the palace, they were directed to appear in the presence of the Emperor. The tyrant emperor of Shaam was seated in ceremonious royal costume. Raas al Imam al Husain was formally presented to Yazid by Umar Ibn Saad in a tray. Yazid, with a cup of wine in one hand, joyously accepted the ultimate symbol of his so-called victory and commanded Umar Saad to announce the names of the prisoners. Now Syedah Zainab was in the court of Yazid. This Shaami court was the same to Zainab as Karbala was to Imam Husain. In the court, Yazid was seated along with seven hundred courtiers. The grandeur of the court was similar to the Roman and the Byzantine emperors. Seated on the throne with support of pillows, Yazid was busy in shameful acts over-powered with joy.
In this cursed court, children of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) were standing as captives, fastened with ropes. Daughters of Nabi were without Hijaab, bare-footed, in tattered clothes. Right before Ahl al Bait, Yazid insulted the pious head of Husain (on which Rasulullah kissed non-counted times). While touching the head of Imam Husain, with his stick, Yazid maliciously recited couplets in a fit of fury and openly declared and exhibited hatred and enmity of his family towards Islam and Rasulullah (S.A.W.A). Yazid uttered openly:
o Perhaps the slain of Badar (The arch enemies of Islam killed by Ali and Hamzah) been alive today; they would have witnessed as to how the helpless children of Mohammad and their associates are caught up on the point of lances in distress. o All of them (nearest and dearest of Yazid) would have been glad to see this scene and out of glee would have raised the slogan (as similar which were raised in the court of Shaam on the assassination of Ali and Imam Hasan) and they would have congratulate; O Yazid! Your muscles may remain strong and may never be weak. o We have slain the leader of Bani Hashim and taken revenge of the defeat of the Badar. o If I had not taken revenge from the progeny of Mohammad; I would not have been counted from the progeny of Atabah. o One Hashmi (Rasulullah) had defrauded the people and staged a drama to seize a kingdom. Otherwise there was no Nabi and nor a Wahi.
In this last couplet, Yazid exceeded all limits and openly committed, "Irtidaad Anil Islam". He thereby explicitly proved and declared himself as a Murtad. Tyrant emperor of Shaam was the result of evil spirits. He confirmed and declared by his actions that in reality from Badar to Karbala the history is the same, (1-"Al Sawaeq al Muharraqah", Ibn Hajar Makki, 2-"Wasilat un Najaat", Molvi Mubin Farangi Mehli, Karachi). Yazid recited the sacrilegious verses of Abdullah bin Zabari Shami, which he had composed while he was a non-Muslim. His wish of revenge of the deaths of his ancestors in the Badar from the descendants of Muhammad explains the entire episode. A dreadful silence was prevailed in the court of the Yazid. Suddenly Syedah Zainab stepped forward and responded the Firoon of the time, Yazid. The bold voice of the daughter of the conqueror of Khaibar rang in the entire court. Zainab rose and began speaking. She added a new chapter to the history of the so-called Khilafat of Bani Umayyah. She boldly challenged him and declared: "O Yazid! Allah and His Rasul have declared that committing sins and considering the signs of Allah to be false is sacrilegious. Deny the sign of Allah is contempt and recite verses with joy on account of the assassination of the children of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) is the practice of the Mushrekeen. This attitude was demonstrated on the assassination of Hamzah in the Uhud.
Enemies of Islam declared in Uhad with joeys that they had taken revenge from Rasulullah (S.A.W.A). (O Yazid!) You are parallel them in all manners and reached the stage of heterodoxy. You have achieved this stage because you have committed too many sins". "O Yazid! Do you think that we have become disgraceful due to the killing of our people and our own captivity? As you have closed all the roads for us, and we have been captivated and are dragging from one place to another, do you think that Allah has taken away his blessings from us? Do you presume that by killing the Divine Persona you have become great and respectable and Allah looks at you with special grace and kindness? For this reason and on account of this wrong approach you have become arrogant (like Firoon). You have become bigheaded because you have seen that the matters have taken a turn in your favor. You have, however, forgotten what Quraan says: "The non-believers must not think that our respite is for their good. We only give them time to let them increase their sins. For them there will be a humiliating torment", (Surat Aale Imran, Ayat, 178).
In her glorious sermon, Syedah Zainab reminded Yazid the day of the conquest of Makkah, which took place in 8 (A.H.) Rasulullah (S.A.W.A.) extended his generosity on the arch enemies of Islam, ancestors of Yazid, and set them free. Yazid himself was a descendant of those freed persons. His father, grandfather and grandmother were among those who were set free at the time of the conquest of Makkah. On that day Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) very magnanimously set all of them free irrespective of what they had committed in the past and declared: "Go, all of you are free". In the second part of her sermon, the daughter of Ali selected the conquest of Makkah her topic and argued: "O son of the freed ones! Is it Justice that you keep your women and slave-girls in seclusion and ride the helpless daughters of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) on swift camels and allowed their enemies to demonstrate them from one city to another? Why should not Yazid be malicious against us; it is he, who looks at us with hostility. You say with perfect heresy without imagining that you are committing a sin": "Perhaps my ancestors, who were killed in Badar, had been present here today." Then you strike the teeth of Imam Husain with a stick in your hand! Why should not you do like this, although you have done what you wanted to do and have destroyed the roots of piety and virtue! You have shed the blood of the son of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A.) and have hidden the brilliant stars on the earth from amongst the descendants of Abdul Mutallib, under the clouds of cruelty and brutality. However, you shall appear before Allah soon.
You shall meet your ancestors and shall also move to their place. At that time you will wish that perhaps you had been blind and dumb and did not say that it was a day of rejoicing for your ancestors". At this stage, the daughter of Ali offered Doa and submitted: "O Allah! Bestow our rights and take revenge from those who have subjugated us". Then she turned to Yazid and declared: "Wallah! You yourself have pulled off your skin and cut off your own flesh. You will soon appear in the presence of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A.) and will see with your own eyes that his children are in the Jannat. It will be the day when Allah will deliver the descendants of the Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) from the state of being scattered and will bring all of them together in the Jannat. This is the promise, which Allah has made in the Quraan. He says: "Do not think of those who are slain for the cause of Allah as dead. They are alive with their Lord and receive Rizaq from Him." (Surat Aale Imran, Ayat 169). "O Yazid! On the day when Allah will be the Judge and Muhammad will be the Petitioner, and your organs will give evidence against you, your father, who appointed you the Ruler of the Muslims, will receive His return. On that day it will become known what penalty the oppressors earn, whose position is worse and whose party is more degraded. O enemy of Allah! I consider you to be degraded and not fit even to be reprimanded and reproached. But what am I to do?
Our eyes are shedding tears, our hearts are burning, and our Shuhadaa cannot come to life by our reprimanding and reproaching you. My Husain has been killed and the murderers of the Shaitaan are taking us to the idiots so that they may get their reward for insulting Allah. Our blood is dripping from their hands and our flesh is falling down from their mouths. The sacred bodies of the Shuhada have been placed at the disposal of the wolves and other carnivorous animals of the jungle. If you feel you have gained something today by this beastly act, then, you will certainly be a loser on the Day of Qiyamat .On that day nothing but your deeds will count. On that day you will send Lanat on Ibn Marjanah and in turn he will exchange Lanat to you. On that day you and your followers will quarrel with one another by the side of the divine balance of Justice.
On that day you will see that the best provision, which your father provide for you, was that he enabled you to kill the children of the Rasulullah (S.A.W.A). Wallah! I do not fear anyone except Him and do not complain to anyone else. You may utilize your treachery and disloyalty (with Islam), but I swear Wallah! That the shame and disgrace, which you have earned by the treatment meted out to us, cannot be eradicated. I thank Allah, Who has concluded their task with success and forgiveness and accommodated them in the Jannat. I offer Doa that may Allah elevate their status and favor them more with His kindness, for Allah is Supreme", (1-"Balaghat al Nisa", Abul Fazal Ahmad bin Abi Tahir, 208 A.H., 2- "Probe into the History", Aashurah, Ibrahim Ayati, Iran). The voice of Syedah Zainab resounded in the Shaami court so much that its echo is still heard even after a lapse of centuries and it would continue to resound till the Day of Qiyamat. Syedah Zainab said: "O Yazid! What worse can this that Allah would decide your case on the Day of Qiyamat? The Plaintiff against you should be Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) and the witness from his side should be Rooh al Amin, Jibrail. At that time even those people who have supported your evil deeds and trusted you, would come to know what a bad fate awaits tyrants. O Yazid! The vicissitudes of time and a multitude of misfortunes have compelled me to address you. Keep it in mind that Allah would not keep us in this lamentable condition for long. You have harmed us.
Ah------------the Prince who used to ride upon the shoulders of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) was slain with a blunt dagger, from the backside of the neck, as well as his companions hunger and thirsty of three days. In the near future we shall appear before our grandfather, Rasulullah (S.A.W.A), and describe all these trials and tribulations you have subjected us to bear and it would be at the place where the descendants of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A) and his Ashaab would be present. The dust on their faces and the blood of their bodies would be cleaned. Their revenge would be taken from the tyrants. Imam Husain and his companions have not died; they are present with their Creator, Allah. He would surely take revenge from the assassins of the descendants of Rasulullah (S.A.W.A). He is our hope and we cry before Him". Hearing the resounding words of Syedah Zainab, everyone was fascinated. This courageous bold sermon not only frightened those present but it also produced such effect on Yazid, Firoon of the era, that he began to shiver and the power of reply left him. Hearing the sparkling sermon of Syedah Zainab celebration of the joy turned into a gathering of shock.
The declaration of Aqidah and Dawat of Tawhid for an uncompromising justice turned Yazid extremely frightened. By the arguments of Syedah Zainab, Yazid was afraid that he could not hold the reins of power more, if such speeches continue to be delivered. Syedah Zainab crushed the political strategy of the court of Damishq, which sole purpose was defaming Islam. As the result, her performance would remain a beacon of light till the world lasts. Daughter of Ali had shown her courage, first in the court of Kufah and later in the court of Damishq.
She had convinced and communicated fully that those killed by the order of Yazid were in reality the Moon and Stars of the galaxy of Nubuwat. It was the tremendous efforts of Zainab, that Azaa, Bukaa, Nuha and Awil on Husain attained an eternal life. In the terminology of wisdom this effort, bold oration and demonstration of bravery of Syedah Zainab is establishment of the Dawat of "Maruf". She snatched the veil from the ugly face of the supreme symbol of "Munkir". Her efforts destroyed the propaganda of the "Official Media", who alleged Imam Husain as a rebel. Efforts of Syedah Zainab showed that only citizen can not charge as rebel but even ruler would be rebel of Islam.
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KARBALA CHAIN OF EVENTS Prepared by: Ramzan Sabir
HIGHLIGHTS OF KARBALA:
The events of Karbala reflect the collision of the good versus the evil, the virtuous versus the wicked, the collision of Imam Husain (the head of virtue) versus Yazid (the head of impiety). Al-Husain was a revolutionary person, a righteous man, the religious authority, the Imam of Muslim Ummah. As the representative of his grandfather Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Imam Husain's main concern was to safeguard and protect Islam and guide fellow Muslims. On the other hand, the staying power of the rulers (Mu'awiya and his son Yazid) depended solely on the might of the sword. They used brute force to rule over the Muslim empire even by all possible illicit means.
Imam Husain as head of Ahlul Bayt (a.s.) never recognized Mu'awiya nor his followers. Before him Imam Ali (a.s.) had fought battles against Mu'awiya because Mu'awiya continuously violated the Islamic principles. Imam Al-Hasan (a.s.) had to swallow the bitter pill of making a peace agreement with Mu'awiya, in order to safeguard the security of the Ummah which was at stake. When Yazid son of Mu'awiya declared himself as a ruler over the Ummah, he demanded Imam Al-Husain's (a.s.) allegiance of loyalty. Imam Husain on his part flatly rejected Yazid's rule and behavior, for there was no way Yazid could represent Islam, it would be blasphemy. But Yazid, the tyrant ruler over the Ummah, was adamant in his demand, and tension between the two parties increased day by day.
Imam Husain was quick to realize that giving allegiance of loyalty to Yazid would serve no purpose but to jeopardize the survival of Islam. To safeguard and protect Islam, therefore, the Imam had no choice but to confront and collide with Yazid's rulership irrespective of consequences. Since Yazid had ordered his commanders to seize the Imam's allegiance of loyalty at any cost, even by brutal force, the commanders had to assemble a relatively large army, surrounding Imam Husain's camp in a desert called Karbala. Then they cut off the basic necessities to the camp, including access to water. The camp consisted of Imam Husain, his family, friends, and companions, all of whom stood fast and firmly with him. These braves would rather face death for the noble cause of Islam, than submit to the outrageous tyranny and the un-Islamic ways of Yazid.
Thus, Karbala proved to be a clash involving Islamic truths versus falsehood, right versus wrong, belief versus disbelief, the oppressed versus the oppressor, faith against brute force. Karbala was about standing in the face of oppression, regardless no matter the cost. Thus, in Karbala, Al-Husain the 57 year old grandson of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), sacrificed his totality and all he had, for one goal. This goal was to let the truth triumph over falsehood eventually, and he did that brilliantly. His goal was to foil the plan that Mu'awiya had expertly developed for his son, Yazid, which was to establish a permanent Benu Umayya rulership over the Muslim Ummah (even by sacrificing the Islamic principles), but doing it in the name of Islam. Brilliantly, Imam Husain succeeded in foiling this plan and he exposed the disreputable nature of Benu Umayya though this was at the expense of his life.
WHO WAS MU'AWIYA?
Mu'awiya was son of Abu Sufyan, a leader of Benu Umayya clan which was one of the clans of Quraish tribes. Mu'awiya grew up in a family known to be cunning, worldly, materialistic, and power hungry. Mu'awiya became Muslim only when Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) triumphed over Mecca. Those who became Muslim in this manner were called Tulaqaa', (a term scornfully used for the disbelievers who became Muslims to save their lives). Mu'awiya, his father Abu Sufyan, his mother Hind, and his brother Yazid son of Abu Sufyan were all Tulaqaa'; Mu'awiya never forgot this stigma for the rest of his life; he could never shake it from his mind, thus a feeling of malicious vengeance always existed in his heart. Mu'awiya's character and aspirations were entirely opposite to that of his sister, Umm Habiba, who was one of the wives of the Holy Prophet (pbuh). Unlike Mu'awiya, Umm Habiba was a sincere believer and a pious person.
Omar, the second Khalifa, appointed Mu'awiya's brother, Yazid son of Abu Sufyan, as the Governor of Syria when the Muslims captured that territory from the Byzantines. Within a few years, Yazid son of Abu Sufyan died of a disease, and Omar appointed Mu'awiya in his brother's place as the Governor. Upon coming to power, Mu'awiya took advantage of the rich public treasury of Syria using it personally to buy favors and influence people. Thus he built a large base of support among some tribes, almost to the fanatic level. He used this to his advantage in later years to form a network of informants (spies) against Ahlul Bayt (a.s.) and their devotees.
JAMAL CONFRONTATION:
When Imam Ali (a.s.) became Khalifa, he decided to remove Mu'awiya immediately, notwithstanding Mu'awiya's strong base of support. At that time, Mu'awiya had been the governor of Syria, Palestine, and Jordan for 17 years. Mu'awiya became defiant, he refused to obey Ali's orders. Brazen and unabashed, he even declined to recognize Ali or give allegiance of loyalty to him. Also in defiance, Mu'awiya established a parallel government in Greater Syria, and started a campaign of treacherous accusations and malicious rumors against Imam Ali (a.s.). He falsely blamed Imam Ali for the killing of Uthman, the third Khalifa, and urged people to take up arms against the Imam. He spread these notorious accusations constantly to incite an uprising against Ali (a.s.).
At the same time A'isha, the Prophet's widow, became highly vocal against Imam Ali (a.s.). She called for taking revenge for the blood of Uthman. As a result, a party of 3,000 insurgents supported by Sahaaba (Companions) such as Talha and Zubair, along with A'isha headed toward Basrah. The insurgents upon reaching Basrah clashed with the local authorities and finally occupied a portion of Basrah. Soon after the occupation these insurgents spread a reign of terror among the people, killing no less than 600 local Muslims, pilfering the treasury and stealing the arms supplies of the armory.
As a Khalifa in charge, Imam Ali (a.s.) could not ignore the situation, he had to act and restore peace and order. He ordered his forces to proceed to Basrah. As the Imam's forces reached near Basrah, Imam Ali (a.s.) tried to persuade the insurgents led by A'isha, Zubair and Talha to change their minds and avoid confrontation, but he did not succeed. A battle broke out though Zubair elected not to fight. Talha was wounded then bled to death. Thousands of people lost their lives. A'isha fell down from the camel after it was disabled; but luckily she was not hurt. Imam Ali asked Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr, (A'isha's brother), to take A'isha to Basrah for a few days, and from there to escort her to Medina with full honor and dignity. Upon leaving Basrah Al-Hasan (a.s.) and Al-Husain (a.s.) accompanied the Prophet's widow for some distance before bidding her farewell. Imam Ali (a.s.) stayed in Basrah for a few weeks to restore law and order. He compensated for the dead, and decided to forgive and absolve all who fought against him, exactly as the Prophet (pbuh) had done when he triumphed over Mecca 40 years earlier.
BATTLE OF SIFFIN:
Upon returning to Kufa, Imam Ali (a.s.) immediately prepared for the anticipated clash with Mu'awiya. The defying Mu'awiya continued to violate the Islamic principles by personally using the public treasury for espionage and buying peoples' loyalty. The people of Syria fully believed him and the in false picture he presented. Ultimately this resulted in a confrontation called Battle of Siffin when the troops of the two sides met at Siffin. The battle saw ferocious fighting for nine days when Mu'awiya's forces were near collapse. His troops were fleeing and in disarray, and their retreat was in massive disorder, running helter skelter. Mu'awiya, alarmed, tense, and frightened, preparing to run away, when he learned of a clever trick. The trick was indecent and unbecoming, it was to make the Holy Quran as an instrument and exploit it, to use it as a tool to his advantage. Mu'awiya seized on this immediately and commanded his fighters to raise 500 Holy Qurans on tips of spears, in order to stun the troops of Imam Ali. As jolting as it was, this maneuver did break the onslaught and the momentum of Ali's fighters, for they were very pious men. But Imam Ali was quick to recognize this deceit, he knew how deceptive Mu'awiya was, and now that being near collapse, Mu'awiya wanted to save his neck at the expense of the Quran itself.
With that in mind, Ali (a.s.) urged his generals not to halt, but to keep fighting since victory was almost at hand. Alas, Ali's generals and fighters were in shock, for the sight of the Holy Quran high on spear heads was startling to say the least. They could not take it. Not willing to fight, they wanted to accept Mu'awiya's offer to halt the fighting and negotiate instead. The termination of the battle in this manner and the consequences thereof proved to be disastrous to say the least, especially for Ahlul Bayt and Islam.
It is said that there was a conspiracy between Amr Ibnil Aas of Mu'awiya's side, and Ash'ath Ibn Qais, a General in Imam Ali's camp, who was working as a spy against Ali, secretly working as an agent for Mu'awiya. In this battle 45,000 men lost their lives in Mu'awiya's camp, and about 25,000 in Ali's (a.s.) camp. Many men of high caliber from both sides died, especially Ammar Ibn Yasir, the great Companion of the Prophet (pbuh), who was 90 years old and fought on Imam Ali's side against Mu'awiya.
AFTER SIFFIN:
Imam Ali's (a.s.) generals, who stopped the battle to negotiate with Mu'awiya, did not pick the right person for the negotiation. They unyieldingly refused to accept Imam Ali's choice, instead they picked Kufa's Governor, Abu-Musa Ash'ari, an incompetent Governor who had been previously dismissed from office by Imam Ali. Mu'awiya appointed Amr Ibnil Aas, a shrewd and cunning man, to be his representative in the negotiation. Negotiation between the two sides did not take place for about one year.
When the two negotiators came face to face, it was clear that Ash'ari's capability was no match for his opponent Ibnil Aas. In the negotiations, Ash'ari proposed that, both Mu'awiya and Imam Ali (a.s.) were to abdicate and to let the people hold election for the Khilaafah. Amr Ibnil Aas, a deceptive man at best, quickly agreed to Ash'ari's proposal and asked Ash'ari to first announce the agreement. Ash'ari stood up and announced, "O people, we have agreed not to consider Ali or Mu'awiya for Khilaafah. You may choose or elect whomever you think is fit." The cunning Amr Ibnil Aas stood up next to say, "O people! I won't consider Ali for the Khilaafah. But Mu'awiya, in my opinion, is the person for that office!" Upon hearing this (and feeling deceived), the people screamed disapprovingly, an uproar was the result. Imam Ali's (a.s.) camp was in shock, they were double-crossed, deceived and lied to, they felt deeply cut. Amr's double crossing and deception was simply beyond their imagination. They left the place bewildered and utterly disappointed. Because of this a large group of Imam Ali's supporters defected to form a separate group called Kharijies, meaning the Outsiders.
The Khariji became fanatically opposed to Imam Ali and Mu'awiya. Some of their members met secretly in Mecca and drew a plan to assassinate Ali (a.s.) in Kufa, Mu'awiya in Syria, and Amr Ibnil Aas in Egypt. Three fanatics took the responsibility, they were to attack their victims in the morning, the same day, as the would-be victims were going to the mosque to lead the morning salat. Ibn Muljim attacked and fatally wounded Imam Ali (a.s.), whereas Mu'awiya escaped with a light wound of his buttock. Amr Ibnil Aas was ill that day and his replacement was killed by the Khariji. Imam Ali (a.s.), in wounded condition, conferred the Imamah and the reign of the Islamic nation to his 37 years old son Al-Hasan.
PEACE AGREEMENT BETWEEN IMAM AL-HASAN AND MU'AWIYA:
Imam Hasan (a.s.) faced extremely difficult conditions from the start. He observed that fear, anxiety and much distress were ever present in Kufa, Basrah, Medina and other towns. The anxiety, uncertainty and insecurity were caused by Mu'awiya's ill dealing of sincere Muslims. Mu'awiya had spread secret agents all over to defame Ahlul Bayt. Imam Hasan knew that his father Imam Ali (a.s.) had stood like a lion in all difficulties and fought battles against Mu'awiya, but these confrontations had resulted in heavy casualties on both sides. A mass scale family devastation was visible everywhere. Considering all circumstances, Imam Hasan (a.s.) discussed the matter with his brother Husain (a.s.) and other relatives. He revealed to them that in order to end the bloodshed and to provide a reasonable safety and security to the Ummah, he would make a peace agreement with Mu'awiya and abdicate until after Mu'awiya's death. After a few days of careful consideration, Imam Hasan (a.s.) accepted an agreement as per the terms dictated by the Imam and agreed to by Mu'awiya. Four noteworthy terms of this agreement were: o People of Syria, Iraq, Hijaz, Yemen and other places shall enjoy amnesty against persecution, o Friends and companions of Imam Ali (a.s.) and all their women and children shall be protected from all dangers, o Mu'awiya is to immediately stop the use of abusive language with reference to Ahlul Bayt (cursing Imam Ali) after Salat of Jumu'a), and o Mu'awiya shall not appoint anyone as his successor. Once the treaty was signed, Imam Hasan (a.s.) and brother Husain (a.s.) moved out of Kufa and settled in Medina. Over there both Imams lost no time in holding nightly meetings for Islamic discussions. The nightly meetings proved very successful and gained tremendous popularity. More people started to attend, to hear the Imams give of their fountain of knowledge on Islam and humanity. The reputation of these meetings began to fly to faraway places. People from as far away as Egypt, Iraq, Yemen, and other distant areas travelled to Medina to learn about the Islamic values. As years passed, the knowledge thus given started to bear fruits. The number of Islamic scholars multiplied and increased considerably.
In the meantime Mu'awiya, unabashedly elected to disregard the terms of his treaty with Imam Al-Hasan. a) He sent secret agents to terrorize, kidnap, or even kill innocent people specially those who were loyal to Ahlul Bayt (a.s.). b) Instead of helping the needy with the public treasury, Mu'awiya's governors and their surrogates used the public treasury for personal use, freely and excessively as they wished. c) Freedom suddenly died, and dictatorship took its place. d) Mu'awiya gathered a very large number of collaborators who unabashedly would do anything for money.
MU'AWIYA'S PLOT TO POISON IMAM HASAN (a.s.):
It was Mu'awiya's ardent desire to impose his son Yazid (who had been named after his uncle) upon the Muslims by making him the succeeding Khalifa, despite the fact that Yazid was the playboy of the time, with many evil habits including gambling, heavy drinking, and indulgence in the pleasures of the flesh. But the peace agreement would not permit Mu'awiya to appoint Yazid as his successor, (According to the agreement Imam Hasan would immediately become Khalifa upon Mu'awiya's death). Therefore, it was obvious to Mu'awiya that, if Al-Hasan did not outlive him, Mu'awiya could do as he pleased. Thus Mu'awiya planned to kill Imam Al-Hasan in order to pave the way for his son Yazid to be his successor.
Mu'awiya sent one of his agents to contact Imam Al-Hasan's wife Joda who was the daughter of Al-Ash'ath (once a secret agent for Mu'awiya against Imam Ali in the Battle of Siffin). Joda was asked a small favor, i.e., to put a little poison in Al-Hasan's food, and in return Mu'awiya would give her a large sum of money and also make her wife of his son Yazid. She found the offer too attractive to ignore, and foolishly agreed to accept it. A few days later, she mixed poison in honey and gave it to the Imam. As soon as the Imam took the poisoned honey he became seriously ill. Sensing that his death was imminent, the Imam designated his brother Al-Husain (a.s.) to be the third Imam. Although Imam Al-Hasan knew he was poisoned, he did not reveal that to anyone but to his brother Al-Husain.
One thing Al-Hasan had wished was to have his burial by the side of his grandfather, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Imam Husain made all the arrangements to fulfill that wish but Mu'awiya's governor over Medina did not let that happen and used military force to stop it. Imam Al-Hasan was 47 year old when he died of poisoning.
Medina was never the same without Imam Hasan (a.s.). Everyone missed him dearly. People at first did not believe Mu'awiya poisoned Imam Al-Hasan, but soon found out the truth.
When Husain (a.s.) was designated as the 3rd Imam he was 46 years old. Imam Husain (a.s.) carried on with his mission of teaching Islam as before. A large number of people kept coming to see him and to learn from him. This process continued for several years when people began to hear an ugly rumor that Mu'awiya wanted his son, Yazid, to succeed him.
MU'AWIYA DESIGNATES YAZID AS SUCCESSOR:
Mu'awiya began a campaign to introduce Monarchy into the structure of Islam. To have Monarchy, by force or otherwise is alien to Islam, an innovation in religion, simply not acceptable. Everyone knew that, for Islam does not subscribe to any form of Royalty through inheritance or Monarchy. In Islam it is supposed to be Shura.
Nevertheless, Mu'awiya sent his agents to the prominent members of the communities to obtain allegiance of loyalty to his son Yazid. But Yazid was evil, of the drinking type, incompetent, contemptible, and a pleasure-seeking person. People knew that. So the people protested vigorously. There was anger everywhere. Emotions went sky high. To calm people down, at least temporarily, Mu'awiya decided to send his son Yazid to Mecca for the pilgrimage. Yes, Yazid did go to Mecca but only after taking alcohol with him as well as a chorus of girls for his entertainment.
MU'AWIYA DIES
Mu'awiya was getting older day by day. At the age of 75, he became seriously ill. He was nearing death. He lay weak and lifeless as if something was choking and strangling him. He felt tortured and tormented, and continuously cried for mercy. He was in terrible pain. He wanted to die but death would not come close to him. His conscience tormented him for the calamities that he brought upon the Islamic Ummah specially Ahlul Bayt. Mu'awiya suffered in agony for many many days. His suffering continued until he breathed his last. At the time of his death, the 30 year old Yazid was nowhere near him, he had gone for fun on a hunting trip.
(Please note that Mu'awiya's brother was by the name of Yazid, and he had named his son after his brother.)
YAZID BECOMES RULER:
Upon Mu'awiya's death, Yazid, 30 years old, managed to impose himself on the people and become the Khalifa. At first people refused to accept him as a representative of the Prophet (pbuh) and Islamic Ummah, but Yazid approached people in mosques for their favors. Like his father Mu'awiya, Yazid used all possible means like bribery, coercion, pressure, threats, and force to receive the people's acceptance of him as the legitimate ruler. Many people were worried, threats to their lives and livelihood was too menacing, so they grudgingly and reluctantly gave in. But, Imam Husain (a.s.) and his family (who practiced Islam in its true sense), did not give in. As the true representative of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Al-Husain flatly refused accepting Yazid either as a Khalifa or a leader of Islam. Despite Yazid's intimidating military power the Imam stood firm in his resolve and chose to challenge Benu Umayya's authorities.
Yazid commissioned Waleed Ibn Ut'ba, his Governor over Medina, to ask for Imam Husain's allegiance of loyalty or else upon refusal, his head. Waleed invited Al-Husain to a meeting for the purpose. Imam Husain did not give his word at the meeting and decided to leave Medina along with his family to proceed to Mecca. When Al-Husain reached Mecca he received 12,000 letters from Kufa urging him to go to Kufa to be their leader, and be the Khalifa. Imam sent an emissary, his cousin Muslim Ibn Aqeel, to Kufa to ascertain first-hand information about the situation in Iraq. In the mean time Yazid spread a network of informants and secret agents in Mecca to assassinate the Imam during pilgrimage. Imam learned about the spies, and carefully evaluated the situation in Mecca. Imam Husain knew that Yazid son of Mu'awiya had no regard for Islamic values and teachings, that he would do anything to enforce his tyrannical rule. Imam Husain also knew that giving allegiance of loyalty to an imposter like Yazid would certainly place Islam at great jeopardy. Therefore he decided to leave Mecca for Kufa to prepare for a confrontation with Yazid and his forces.
Many friends and relatives urged Imam Husain not to go to Kufa, but he insisted on going. Imam Husain, along with family, friends, and companions began the journey toward Kufa (1,100 miles) in a long caravan in the blistering heat of summer.
ON THE WAY TO KARBALA:
During the early phase of the journey the caravan met Al-Farazdaq (a famous poet) at a place called al-Sifah. Al-Farazdaq advised the Imam not to go to Kufa because though people's hearts were with him (Imam), their swords would be against him. But the Imam continued with the journey, and he received the first letter from his emissary Muslim Ibn Aqeel with good news. The letter indicated that the people were more than ready to welcome the Imam in Kufa and were looking forward to his leadership. Imam Husain decided to send another emissary to Kufa with a message. The caravan kept proceeding toward Kufa. Many days passed but the Imam did not receive any more responses from Muslim Ibn Aqeel.
In Kufa Muslim Bin Aqeel with the help of Mukhtar Al-Thaqafi and Hani Ibn Urwah continued to hold secret meetings with the supporters of the Imam. Within a short time the gatherings started to gain momentum. Yazid through his spies and informants learned about Muslim's successes in Kufa. He appointed the tyrant Ubaidullah Ibn Ziyad to replace al-Nu'man Ibn al-Basheer as Governor of Kufa.
Meanwhile, as Al-Husain's caravan got closer to its destination (Kufa), coming to a place called Zubalah, Imam Husain unexpectedly received shocking news. The shocking news was about Muslim Ibn Aqeel and the person who provided him shelter, Hani's Ibn Urwah, both of whom were arrested and beheaded by the Governor Ibn Ziyad. Mukhtar was also arrested and imprisoned and tortured by Ibn Ziyad.
Imam Husain gathered his companions and disclosed to them about the bad news, and said, "Our Shi'a have deserted us, those of you who prefer to leave us may do so freely and without guilt." Becoming scared, some companions left the caravan. Imam Husain continued with the journey along with close companions and family members until he was face to face with 1,000 horsemen led by Hur al-Riyahi representing the enemy. The enemy army blocked the camps of Imam Husain (a.s.) from advancing. Tension started to rise between the two. The Imam addressed the enemy explaining to them his motives for going to Kufa, that it was in response to the invitation of the people. He even showed them a bagful of letters he received from Kufa. Hur said that he and his men were not the writers of those letters. Imam told them that if they did not like him to advance with the journey, he was prepared to return to Hijaz. Hur replied, "We are commissioned to follow you until we take you to Governor Ibn Ziyad, and suggested to the Imam to go towards a station which is neither Kufa nor Medina." Imam Husain found the proposal fair and turned the caravan away from Kufa. Hur and his army marched parallel to the Imam. The two sides reached a village called Nainawa where Ibn Ziyad's messenger (Yazid's governor over Kufa) delivered a message to Hur. The message read, " ...force Husain to a halt. But let him stop in an open space, without vegetation or water." Hur conveyed the contents of the letter to Imam Husain. The Imam, his family and companions defiantly resumed their journey and reached a place where another enemy force blocked their move and forced them to stop. When Imam Husain learned that the place was called Karbala, he felt he reached the destination and ordered his camp to be setup. That day was 2nd of Muharram, Hijri 61.
KARBALA:
Upon learning that his army had succeeded to lay a siege around the Imam's camp, Governor Ibn Ziyad sent additional military units to Karbala and appointed Umar Ibn Sa'ad in charge. Imam Husain (a.s.) opened a dialogue with Umar Ibn Sa'ad and convinced him to lift the siege so that the Imam with his family and companions could leave Iraq. Umar Ibn Sa'ad liked the Imam's proposal and sent a message to Governor Ibn Ziyad notifying him about the results of the talks with Imam Husain (a.s.). Ibn Ziyad also found the Imam's proposal acceptable. However before agreeing to it officially, Shimr Bin Dhil-Jawshan, opposed it strongly. As a result Ziyad wrote a letter to Umar Ibn Sa'ad commanding him to either go to war with Imam Husain (a.s.) or be relieved of his duties as commander of the army and Shimr would not only replace him but despatch Ibn Sa'ad's head to Kufa.
Umar Ibn bin Sa'ad got the letter. After pondering over the consequences he decided to fight Imam Husain (a.s.). On the 7th day of Muharram he moved his troops closer to the camp and began to surround the Husaini camp. Ibn Sa'ad laid a blockade around the camp to cut it off from access to the river Euphrates, to deprive it of water in a move to force them to surrender.
Two days later, (on the 9th of Muharram), the enemy's military forces closed in on the camp of Imam Husain (a.s.). Imam asked his brother, Abbas, to talk to Ibn Sa'ad and request a delay of the aggression by one night. Umar Ibn Sa'ad agreed to the demand. He ordered his troops to delay the aggression till next morning. Imam Husain and his pious companions spent that night in prayers. During the night the Imam told the companions, " ....the enemy is interested in none but me, me alone. I'll be most delighted to permit each and every one of you to go back, and I urge you to do so...." All companions screamed in response, "By Allah, never, never! We will either live with you or die together with you."
ASHURAA:
Finally, the day of Ashuraa dawned upon the soil of Karbala. It was the day when Jihad would be in full bloom, blood would be shed, 72 innocent lives would be sacrificed, and a decisive battle would be won to save Islam and the Ummah.
It had been a few days since the water supply was cut off by the enemy. Children were crying for water, the women were desperate for water, Zainul-Abideen, the son of Imam Husain (a.s.) was sick with fever. The suffering from the thirst was too painful to bear. And despite this, not a single person in the camp made any complaints or even questioned the mission of Imam Husain. Each member supported the Imam wholeheartedly and enthusiastically.
Next morning Imam Husain (a.s.) went out of the camp and saw Umar Ibn Sa'ad mobilizing his troops to start the hostility. He stared at the intimidating army, and as large as it was Imam Husain showed no signs of compromise. Imam Husain raised his hands in prayer: "O Allah! It is Thee in whom I trust amid all grief. You are my hope amid all violence. Thou are my refuge and provision in everything that happens to me. How many grievances weaken the heart, leaving me with no means to handle them, during which friend deserts me, and enemy rejoices in it. I lay it before Thee and complain of it to Thee, because of my desire in Thee, Thee alone. You relieve me of it and remove it from me. Thou are the Master of all Grace, the Essence of Goodness, and the Ultimate Resort of all Desire."
Before the actual engagement was to take place, Hur, the previous commander of the enemy force, felt his conscience violently stirring, he was in turmoil. Upon realizing the gravity of the situation, he suddenly broke away from Umar Ibn Sa'ad's camp (along with two others). They rushed toward Imam Husain (a.s.) to join his camp. Hur's heart was jumping with joy, his mind relieved of an agonizing tension. Hur's defection worried Umar Ibn Sa'ad very much, lest others do the same and defect. So Umar Ibn Sa'ad threw an arrow in the air to indicate the start of the battle. This was the outset of a catastrophe and a tragic event that Mu'awiya had once conceived to happen.
THE BATTLE:
Imam Husain's supporters insisted on being the first to fight. Therefore, they took the brunt of the enemy attack. The battle was ferocious. Within a short time the Imam's supporters slay a large number of the enemy fighters, they were on the offensive and the enemy on the defensive. This caused apprehension and confusion in the enemy military, the 72 of Husain's against the 5,000 of the enemy (some say 30,000) being on the defensive. So worried and nervous, the enemy commander-in-chief ordered his army not only to set fire to the Imam's tents (which were occupied mostly by frightened females and children), but at the same time reinforced his fighters with more troops.
The heroes began to fall, they were men of valor welcoming martyrdom, they fell one after another, for the enemy was overwhelming in number. By noon time the Imam stopped the fight to perform the Salat. By this time those left were mainly his family and a few supporters. They performed the Salat together. Two supporters were guarding the performers of Salat. The enemy was standing still, watching!! When Salat was finished one of the guards fell dead; there were 17 arrows in his back.
Ali Akbar, Husain's son obtained permission to fight and dashed toward the enemy. He engaged them in fierce fighting, falling on them like thunder, slaying numerous fighters. He continued to move forward, deep inside the enemy. The enemy was overpowering in number, it overwhelmed him cutting him with swords and spears, and his body became nothing but wounds gushing blood, until he died. Imam Husain (a.s.) rushed to the area and picked up the wounded limp body and brought it to the appalled camp. His sister and others in the camp were horrified and shocked at the scene.
Abbas and five other brothers of Imam Husain went to fight. They also engaged the enemy in a fierce fighting, almost doing the impossible. Abbas went toward the river to bring some water for the thirsty children. While he was returning on his horse with the water, he was attacked by a large horde of the enemy, overwhelming and severely wounding him. As much as he tried Abbas could not save the water, he fell from his horse to breath his last.
Next to the battle field went the sons of Imam Al-Hasan and Zainab and their cousins (about 17 of them). They were all in their teens but each stood bravely, believing in the mission, facing a formidable enemy, and showed no less enthusiasm in their quest to embrace the martyrdom.
AL-HUSAIN AND HIS BABY:
By the afternoon 70 brave persons had sacrificed their lives in Karbala to save Islam. All had fought under nerve racking conditions, severe thirst, dehydration, exhaustion, and agonizing feeling of what would happen to the family of the Prophet (pbuh) afterwards. Husain endured all that and more, for he saw all his beloved ones brutally cut to pieces, including children. Remaining the only one, Imam Husain was to face the enemy head on. Precisely at that moment Imam Husain heard his baby crying incessantly, agonizing because of the thirst. Imam Husain's love for his family was unbound, especially for a suffering baby. He held the six months old baby, his youngest son (Ali Asghar) in his arms, and appealed to the enemy fighters for some water for the baby. Imam wanted to awaken their conscience and stir their human feelings but the stone-hearted enemy, instead of giving water, zoomed an arrow toward the agonizing baby and killed him instantly. Imam Husain was shocked. He felt an unbearable wave of pain. The sight of the limp baby in his arms was agonizingly painful. He filled his palm with the blood of the baby, and threw it upwards toward the sky, complaining to Allah (swt), "O' Allah, O' my Lord! My consolation is the fact that Thou in Thine Majesty are witnessing what I am going through." Top of Page
AL-HUSAIN BY HIMSELF:
Imam Husain (a.s.) was alone, one man against thousands. He took them on, fighting them bravely, and kept fighting, receiving many wounds in the process. Thousands of enemy fighters were surrounding him but none dared to move toward him. The silence was broken when Shimr screamed for an attack, then screamed again, threatening, and in response they attacked collectively, and one sword fell on Imam Husain's left wrist and deeply cut his left hand. The blood gushed like a fountain. Another sword was soon to follow and it hit his upper back. Imam Husain (a.s.) felt numb as he fell to the ground, bleeding profusely. He was near the point of shock, even though staggering he tried to stand by leaning on his sword. Then he received the fatal blow.
It was at this point, that Shimr whose mother was a disbeliever, came forward and severed Imam Husain's noble head from the body, the noble head kissed often by the Prophet (pbuh)! Shimr and others had the audacity to carry it on the tip of a spear to Yazid, 600 miles away!
Umar Ibn Sa'ad ordered the horsemen to trample upon the supine bodies of Imam Husain and all others killed, to disfigure them even further, as if the wounds, the bloodied bodies, and the headless forms were not enough.
For three days the exposed bodies of the martyrs were left lying in the desert of Karbala. Afterwards, the people of the tribe of Bani-Asad, who were not far away from the battle field, helped bury them.
Umar Ibn Sa'ad and his forces (representing Benu Umayya) took the women and children as prisoners in shackles, put them on camels, and proceeded in a caravan from Karbala to Kufa. At the forefront of the procession were the heads of Imam Husain (a.s.) and his followers on the tip of spears. The scene was both grotesque and pathetic. This was the leftover of the beloved family of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), in such a deplorable unimaginable condition, all caused by people who called themselves Muslims!
LESSONS FROM THE TRAGEDY Of KARBALA:
Karbala is the cruelest tragedy humanity has ever seen. Yet, the startling (though appalling) events in Karbala proved like a powerful volcano that shook the very foundation of Muslims, it stirred their consciousness, ignorant or learned alike. For sincere Muslims, Karbala turned into a triumph. The tragic event became the very beacon of light to always remind Muslims to practice Islam honestly and sincerely, to do what is right irrespective of consequences, and fear no one except Allah (swt).
On the other hand, Yazid never achieved what he and his father had planned to achieve, for within three years, Allah's wrath fell upon him, causing him to die at the age of 33 years. And within a few decades the rule of Benu Umayya crumbled and came to an end. The tragedy of Karbala taught humanity a lesson that standing for the truth and fighting unto death for it is more honorable and valuable than submitting to the wrongful, especially when the survival of Islam is at stake. 4Distance between Medina and Karbala about 1,100 miles. Distance between Ibn Ziyad in Kufa and Yazid in Damascus about 750 miles. Average travel by camel per day: 30-45 miles. SOURCES 1. Mowlana Rafiq H. Naqvi, Khutbas at Salat of Jumu'a, Idara 2. Mowlana Amir M. Faizi, Muharram Majlis, Idara 3. Dr A.S. Hashim's Books: Ahlul Bayt and Al-Khulafaa Al-Rashidoon 4. Al-Balagh Foundation: Ahlul Bait #5, 1993 (Iran) GLOSSARY A'isha: Widow of the Prophet (pbuh) and a leader during Jamal Confrontation. Abbas: Brother of Imam Husain, flag-bearer during Karbala. Abu Sufyan: Leader of Benu Umayya, Mu'awiya's father, was inveterate enemy of Islam. AbuMusa Ash'ari: Governor fired by Imam Ali, was selected to arbitrate after Siffin. Ahlul Bayt: The household of the Prophet (s), consisting of Ali, Fatima, al-Hasan, al-Husayn and the 9 Imams descending from al-Husayn (peace be upon them all). AlFarazdaq: A famous poet.
AlNu'man Ibn alBasheer: Governor over Kufa replaced by Ibn Ziyad through Yazid's order.
Ali Akbar: Son of Imam Al-Husain, martyred in Karbala.
Ali Asghar: Baby of Imam Al-Husain, martyred in Karbala.
Ammar Ibn Yasir: A famous highly revered Companion, on Ali's side, killed in Siffin.
Amr Ibnil Aas: A cunning deceptive person, in Mu'awiya's camp, arbitrator after Siffin.
Ash'ath Ibn Qais: A spy General in Ali's armed forces, also the father of Joda (wife of Al-Hasan).
BaniAsad: The tribe that buried Al-Husain and the other martyrs of Karbala.
Basrah: An important town in south of Iraq.
Benu Umayya: A clan known to be power hungry, greedy, and materialistic, of Mu'awiya.
Byzantines: The Christian superpower ruling over Syria and Egypt that lost to Islam.
Hani Ibn Urwah: The man who helped Muslim Ibn Aqeel in Kufa and lost his life for the cause.
Hur Ibn Yazid alRiyahi: The Commander of the enemy force who defected to the side of Imam Husain.
Ibn Muljim: The killer of Imam Ali while Ali was performing Salat Al-Subh.
Ibn Ziyad: The Governor over Kufa responsible for the atrocities of Karbala.
Imam: The 12 Divinely Commissioned leaders of the Ummah after the Prophet (pbuh).
Imam AlHasan (a.s.): The second Divinely Commissioned Imam, and the brother of Imam Husain.
Imam Ali (a.s.): The first Divinely Commissioned Imam, and the father of Imam Hasan and Husain.
Imam Husain (a.s.): The third Divinely Commissioned Imam, hero of Karbala, brother of Imam Hasan.
Iraq: Country in which Imam Husain suffered at the hands of its military.
Jamal: Battle imposed on Ali by A'isha, Talha, and Zubair.
Joda: Wife of Imam Al-Hasan, who poisoned him when enticed by Mu'awiya.
Karbala: The site of the ugliest atrocities committed against Al-Husain, his family and devotees, but Karbala saved Islam from disintegration in an indirect way.
Khalifa: Head of state after the Prophet (pbuh).
Kharijies: The outsiders who turned against Ali, then killed him while he was praying.
Medina: Famous town of the Prophet (pbuh) in Arabia.
Mu'awiya: Of Benu Umayya clan, brother of Yazid, also father of the infamous Yazid of Karbala.
Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr: Brother of A'isha who fought on Ali's side during Battle of Jamal.
Mukhtar AlThaqafi: Loyalist of Ahlul Bayt.
Muslim Ibn Aqeel: Cousin of Al-Husain and his emissary to Kufa, killed by Ibn Ziyad.
Omar: The second Khalifa who appointed Mu'awiya as the Governor over Syria.
Quraish: The clan of the Prophet (pbuh).
Shimr Bin DhilJawshan: The killer of Imam Husain, his name will remain in infamy.
Siffin: Battle imposed on Ali by Mu'awiya.
Syria: Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine nowadays used to be called Syria.
Talha: Sahaabi, leader during Jamal Confrontation, killed during that battle.
Tulaqaa': Denigrating term used by Muhammad (pbuh) for the disbelievers who had to become Muslims after Mecca was triumphed over.
Umar Ibn Sa'ad: Commander-in-chief of the military forces against Imam Husain in Karbala.
Umm Habiba: Sister of Mu'awiya, daughter of Abu Sufyan, wife of the Prophet (pbuh).
Uthman: The third Khalifa killed by the protesting Muslims.
Waleed Ibn Ut'ba: Governor over Medina when Yazid son of Mu'awiya declared his rulership.
Yazid son of Abu Sufyan: Brother of Mu'awiya, governor of Syria for a few years until he died.
Yazid son of Mu'awiya: Son of Mu'awiya, the infamous despicable ruler, cause of Karbala tragedy.
Zainab: Sister of Al-Husain, heroin of Karbala, losing her children for the cause.
Zubair: Sahaabi, leader during Jamal Confrontation, refused to fight during that battle.
Courtesy: http://www.al-islam.org/short/Karbala.htm -----------
Hazrat Zainab (SA), Messenger of the Karbala Revolution
The fifteenth of Rajab marks the martyrdom anniversary of Hazrat Zainab (SA), the magnanimous daughter of Imam Ali (AS). The noble lady of Islam safeguarded the holy region by conveying the message of the martyrs of Karbala through her fervent speeches, which served to awaken Muslims throughout the world. In this brief article, we have striven to honour the memory of this valiant, untiring messenger.
Hazrat Zainab (SA) was born on the 5th of Jamadi-ul-Awwal, in the 5th, 6th or 7th year after Hejira, in the holy city of Medina. She was the auspicious offspring of a unique couple, the commander of the faithful, Imam Ali (AS), and Hazrat Fatima (SA). Her grandfather, the Holy Prophet (SAW), called her Zainab.
It was not only in the realm of virtue that she set forth an example as a woman, wife and mother, but whenever time demanded action, dedication, self-sacrifice, patience and endurance, this noble lady of Islam was an everlasting model.
When she felt that time had come for her to help the religion of Allah by supporting the cause of Imam Hussein (AS).
This loving mother, who nurtured the heart of a lion in her bosom, did not hesitate to urge her sons to join the 72-man army of Imam Hussein (AS).
Even after the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (AS), instead of mourning for the martyred heroes of Karbala, she launched an immense campaign at unmasking the corrupt regime and revealing its anti-Islamic nature to the masses who had been victimized by the misleading propaganda of the government.
When the battle began between this 72-man army, defending piety and truthfulness, and an army of 50,000, it was Hazrat Zainab (SA) who put on combat uniforms on her young sons, witnessing their martyrdom in defending the religion of Allah. How can any writer pen the emotions of a woman who observed her beloved sons being cut to pieces?
She showed no sign of weakness, nor did she reflect the slightest ripple of grief on her face upon seeing such an unbearable scene. Her faith in God and her strong will were enough to help her overcome her feelings. If she ever showed any sign of grief or shed any drop of tear, it was over the martyrdom of her brother, Imam Hussein (AS), and her sons.
After the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (AS), last among the men of the caravan, the shameless forces of Yazid attacked the tents at the Imam's camp. Ransacking them in such a barbaric way that they cut little girls' ears for the sake of their earrings, and finally set the camp ablaze.
While women and children hopelessly ran for shelter, and while Yazid's brutal army was shamelessly ransacking a camp, whose pious defenders had fallen here and there on the hot desert sands of Karbala. It was Hazrat Zainab (SA), who gathered the women and children, asking them to overcome their fears, lest the unscrupulous enemy consider it a sign of weakness.
However, the caravan once again started for Kufah; this time, with the heads of the most noble men of history atop spears and with the family members of Imam Hussein (AS) as captives.
Under pressure from the corrupt rulers and the false propaganda of the regime, the city of Kufah had prepared itself to celebrate this "great victory of the Caliph against a group of apostates". However, instead of apostates, who, as Yazid's regime had claimed, had trampled upon the divine laws of Islam by rising up against the Caliph, they saw a group of noble women and children, with the young and sick son of Imam Hussein (AS)--Imam Ali ibn Hussein (AS). The Fourth Imam--who had been taken captive and forced to travel the long journey under the burning sun on the back of a camel without saddle. Upon the sight of the caravan of captives, the jubilation of the people who had come to celebrate the "Great Victory" suddenly died down. Amidst the lingering silence, a murmur was heard, "O God, woe unto us, for these are not apostates but captives from the Household of the Holy Prophet (SAW) and this is his granddaughter Zainab." The murmur spread around and an atmosphere of shame and sadness overtook the people. A feeling of guilt caused the audience to burst into tears and lamentation. Suddenly a thundering voice boomeranged, traveling across the centuries to tell the story of Karbala and the epic of a woman who brought the enemy to its knees, establishing the victory of the faith.
"O, you people of Kufah," Zainab said. "Are you now crying? May your tears never stop and your moaning never cease! Were you not the ones who invited my brother to your city, but later withdrew your support of his rightful cause? You brought shame and disgrace upon yourselves by such an act of betrayal. What a burden of sin you are carrying on your backs! By God, you shall cry more and have no laughter because of what you have done." Especially the women of Kufah flocked around the camel carrying Zainab, crying, "Woe upon us for what we did to the (grand) daughter of the Messenger of God! O Zainab, forgive us! We did not know about the guilt of our husbands; we are ashamed of what they did."
The turmoil spread. The situation forced the enemy to move the caravan towards Damascus--Yazid's capital. The Household of Imam Hussain (AS) and Zainab (SA) arrived in Yazid's court. The corrupt Caliph was on his throne among a group of his generals and foreign guests who had been invited to celebrate the "victory". The head of Imam Hussain (AS) was presented on a tray before Yazid. However, his jubilation and celebration ended when the same voice, which had disturbed Kufah, had a shattering effect on the court. Her eloquent speech appealed to the people in such a way that even Yazid's wives, sitting behind a curtain, burst into tears and cursed the cruel and corrupt Yazid.
"O Yazid," said Zainab (SA), the daughter of Imam Ali (AS), "Open your ears and listen to what the Almighty Allah has to say in the Holy Qur'an:
"And let not those who disbelieve think that Our granting them respite is better for their souls; We grant them respite only that they may add in sins; and they shall have a disgraceful chastisement." (3:178) This brave message of Imam Hussain's (AS) revolution fulfilled her divine responsibility. The way she unveiled the anti-Islamic and inhumane regime of Yazid in his court; when he was supposed to be the "victor" and her "captive" tells us of her unique personality. It was Zainab (SA) who was the real victor when shortsighted people, those given to the world and its ephemeral affairs, thought her defeated. ------- URLfor this page: http://newageislam.com/NewAgeIslamArticleDetail.aspx?ArticleID=1199
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9:55 PM
Sultan Shahin
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