by Masarrat Husain Zuberi
Even in the West the Philosopher’s reign came to an end when the religious link with it was broken and Martin Luther led the revolt against Papal dominance in religious affairs,and when the armed forces of Emperor, Charles V (1519-56) triumphed and changed the face and character of Italy and put an end to the Italian Renaissance. The Spanish hegemony broke the spirit of the Italians as subjection to an alien rule does every where. In any case spirit of Renaissance was of the few, for the few, by the few. The alien occupation gave birth “to a somber pessimism and resignation fell upon the spirit of the once joyous and exhuberant Italian people.” Even the dark Spanish dress – black cap, black doublet, black hose, black shoes – became the fashion and not as asserted by some [188] now “as if the people had put on mourning for glory, departed and liberty dead,” but as common everywhere in every age the well-to-do always ape the alien ruling class.
Another factor in the fading of Renaissance mood was the Lutheran Reformation coupled with Papal counter-Reformation.
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