Unveiling the Problems with Classical Theism: A Call for Critical Examination and Reform

By Adis Duderija, New Age Islam 1 January 2024 Throughout history, classical theism(I use the word here in the sense of approaches to God as espoused by Aristotle, Augustine and Ghazali to new some famous examples) has shaped religious traditions, defining the ideal believer through concepts of obedience, liturgical piety, and devotion. However, an urgent need exists to reassess these traditional paradigms and redefine religious authenticity in ways that prioritize multiperspectivity, creativity, and appreciation for original and contextualized thought. This short piece outlines the problematic aspects of classical theism, shedding light on its reinforcement of patriarchal structures, the presence of eschatological thinking, the notion of eternal damnation, and the enforcement of rigid beliefs. I. The Patriarchal Foundations of Classical Theism: Feminist theology has played a pivotal role in exposing the inherent problems within classical theism over the past five decades. By perpetuating a patriarchal understanding of God, this theological framework reinforces hierarchical ontologies that permeate all facets of society. The resulting male privilege manifests in the structure and governance of civilizations, perpetuating gender inequalities and hindering progress toward gender equity. II. Eschatological Thinking and Its Implications: Classical theism, particularly in Christian and Islamic variations, often embraces eschatological thinking, rooted in their respective scriptures. This emphasis on apocalyptic visions has led to the emergence of puritanical sects that ardently pursue the fulfilment of these prophecies. Throughout history, such extremist groups, including recent examples like ISIS, have fervently sought to bring about the apocalypse or have based their ideologies on these eschatological narratives. This apocalyptic mindset can disrupt social and political stability, potentially leading to violence and conflicts. III. The Damaging Effects of the Notion of Eternal Damnation: One of the most troubling aspects of classical theism lies in its promotion of the idea of eternal hell and damnation. Orthodox institutions have wielded this concept to exert control and manipulate their followers. By instilling fear and enforcing strict adherence to dogma, the notion of eternal damnation stifles intellectual inquiry and suppresses alternative interpretations. This absolutist control not only hampers individual growth but also undermines the potential for religious pluralism and dialogue. IV. Repression and Violence in the Face of Apostasy: Classical theism has a long history of enforcing "correct" belief and doctrine, often through violent means. Dissenters, particularly free thinkers and women who challenge orthodoxy, have been targeted and persecuted. The fear of apostasy threatens the social order envisioned by religious institutions, leading to egregious acts of violence and oppression. This suppression of divergent beliefs restricts intellectual diversity and inhibits societal progress. Conclusion: In conclusion, the problems inherent in classical theism necessitate a critical examination and a call for reform. By redefining religious authenticity through a lens of multi-perspectivity, creativity, and contextualized thought, we can forge a more inclusive and tolerant religious landscape. It is crucial to address the patriarchal foundations of classical theism, the potentially destabilizing effects of eschatological thinking, the damaging notion of eternal damnation, and the violence associated with the enforcement of rigid beliefs. By undertaking these reforms, we can foster a more compassionate, ethically beautiful ,intellectually vibrant, and socially harmonious society. ---- A decades old patron of New Age Islam, Dr Adis Duderija is a Senior Lecturer in the Study of Islam and Society, School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science; Senior Fellow Centre for Interfaith and Intercultural Dialogue, Griffith University | Nathan | Queensland | Australia. His forthcoming books are ( co-edited)- Shame, Modesty, and Honor in Islam and Interfaith Engagement Beyond the Divide (Springer) URL: https://newageislam.com/debating-islam/unveiling-classical-theism-reform/d/131432 New Age Islam, Islam Online, Islamic Website, African Muslim News, Arab World News, South Asia News, Indian Muslim News, World Muslim News, Women in Islam, Islamic Feminism, Arab Women, Women In Arab, Islamophobia in America, Muslim Women in West, Islam Women and Feminism