The Quran and Egalitarianism

By V.A. Mohamad Ashrof, New Age Islam 26 December 2024 The Quran provides profound insights into the egalitarian ethos of Islam. A prophetic tradition succinctly captures this spirit: “People are equal like the teeth of a comb.” (Ibn Majah, Hadith 166). This vivid metaphor portrays humanity as an evenly aligned comb, where no tooth overshadows another, symbolizing unity and equality. This message aligns with the Quran’s declaration in verse 49:13: “O mankind! We have created you from male and female and made you into peoples and tribes so that you may know one another. Surely the most noble of you in the sight of God is the most righteous among you. God is truly All-Knowing, All-Aware.” This verse establishes the Quranic principle that the sole basis for human distinction is piety and righteousness, rejecting all forms of discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, or social status. It is a clarion call for humanity to see diversity as a tapestry woven with divine wisdom. Spiritual Equality Between Men and Women The Quran emphasizes the spiritual equality of men and women, repeatedly affirming their equal responsibilities and rewards. It states: “Those who do good—whether male or female—and have faith will enter Paradise and will never be wronged even as much as the speck on a date stone” (Q.4:124). Furthermore, the Quran reassures both genders of equal recognition for their deeds: “Their Lord responded to them: ‘I will never deny any of you—male or female—the reward of your deeds. Both are equal in reward.’” (Q.3:195). These verses underscore the fundamental principle that men and women share the same religious and moral responsibilities, with no indication of superiority for either gender. Like two wings of a bird, both are essential for the spiritual ascent towards God. The Dignity of Humanity The Quran asserts the intrinsic dignity of all human beings. In verse 17:70, it declares: “We have certainly honoured the children of Adam.” This honour is universal, transcending distinctions of race, gender, or class. Humanity’s special status is further emphasized in verses like 95:4: “We created man in the best of moulds.” This intrinsic dignity is tied to humanity’s creation from God’s own spirit (Q.15:29; 32:9). This divine breath instils an inalienable worth in every human, like a precious jewel embedded within. As such, all humans are inherently valuable and deserving of respect. Equality Before the Law Justice is a cornerstone of Islamic teachings. The Quran commands fairness and impartiality, even when it conflicts with personal interests or relationships: “O you who have believed, be persistently standing firm in justice, witnesses for God, even if it be against yourselves or parents and relatives. Whether one is rich or poor, God is more worthy of both.” (Q.4:135). Equality before the law is a fundamental aspect of governance, ensuring that all individuals, regardless of status, are treated with fairness. It is a reminder that justice must be as unwavering as a mountain, standing firm against the winds of bias. Gender Equality and Mutual Responsibilities The Quran highlights the mutual responsibilities of men and women, portraying them as partners in life’s journey: “The believers, men and women, are allies of one another. They enjoin what is right and forbid what is wrong.” (Q.9:71). This partnership extends to spiritual, social, and familial domains, where decisions are to be made through mutual consultation and understanding (Q.2:233; 4:19). Men and women are like two halves of a whole, complementing each other in building a harmonious society. Economic and Legal Rights for Women Islam conferred revolutionary rights upon women at the time of its revelation. The Quran granted women the right to inherit property (Q.4:7) and to manage their own wealth. Marriage, described as a relationship of love and mercy (Q.2:187; 30:21), requires the consent of both parties, and women have the right to seek divorce under specific conditions. These rights were like a beacon of light piercing through the darkness of patriarchal oppression. Interfaith Relations and Universal Brotherhood The Quran’s egalitarian vision extends to interfaith relations, emphasizing respect and cooperation with other religious traditions. It acknowledges the validity of previous scriptures and encourages mutual understanding: “Do not argue with the followers of earlier revelations except in the most beautiful manner.” (Q.29:46). Furthermore, it assures that righteous People of the Book, including Jews and Christians, will be rewarded equally for their deeds (Q.2:62; 5:69, 22:17), promoting a universal sense of brotherhood. This ethos of mutual respect is a bridge over troubled waters, fostering harmony amidst diversity. Social Justice and Economic Fairness The Quran’s commitment to egalitarianism is evident in its emphasis on social justice. It condemns the hoarding of wealth (Q.9:34) and mandates fair dealings in commerce (Q.26:181–183). It also prohibits exploitative practices such as usury (Q.2:275–281), ensuring economic fairness for all. The story of Bilal, a former slave who rose to prominence as the Prophet Muhammad’s muezzin, epitomizes Islam’s egalitarian ideals. Bilal’s journey is a testament to the principle that faith, like gold, shines brighter than any worldly status. His status within the Muslim community was determined by his faith and personal integrity, not his racial or social background. The Quranic Vision of Egalitarianism The Quran presents a comprehensive vision of egalitarianism, rooted in the inherent dignity and equality of all human beings. It promotes spiritual and social equality, gender justice, and interfaith harmony, providing a framework for a just and inclusive society. By adhering to these principles, humanity can aspire to a world characterized by fairness, compassion, and mutual respect. This egalitarian ethos is deeply ingrained in the Quranic teachings, emphasizing the unity and brotherhood of all believers. The Quran reminds us that we are all created from a single soul, and that our diversity is a sign of God's wisdom and mercy. This diversity is like a garden of varied flowers, each contributing to the beauty of the whole. The Quran also challenges entrenched hierarchies and injustices, urging a re-examination of social norms and practices to align with the divine vision of justice and equality. It emphasizes the importance of compassion, empathy, and kindness towards all individuals, particularly the vulnerable and marginalized. Compassion, like a gentle rain, nurtures the seeds of equality in the soil of humanity. By living according to these principles, we can create a more just and equitable society. Ultimately, the Quranic vision of unity and equality offers a powerful antidote to the divisions and injustices that plague our world. By embracing this vision, we can work towards a brighter future, where every individual is treated with dignity and respect, and where our shared humanity is celebrated and cherished. This vision is a lighthouse guiding us through the stormy seas of discord and division. ---- V.A. Mohamad Ashrof is an independent Indian scholar specializing in Islamic humanism. With a deep commitment to advancing Quranic hermeneutics that prioritize human well-being, peace, and progress, his work aims to foster a just society, encourage critical thinking, and promote inclusive discourse and peaceful coexistence. He is dedicated to creating pathways for meaningful social change and intellectual growth through his scholarship. URL: https://www.newageislam.com/debating-islam/quran-egalitarianism/d/134148 New Age Islam, Islam Online, Islamic Website, African Muslim News, Arab World News, South Asia News, Indian Muslim News, World Muslim News, Women in Islam, Islamic Feminism, Arab Women, Women In Arab, Islamophobia in America, Muslim Women in West, Islam Women and Feminism