Reason in Islam: The Foundations of Faith and Community

By Adis Duderija, New Age Islam 3 October 2024 "Reason is the very foundation of faith. Reason is not only deductive but also inductive. It deduces the causes of human behaviour from the textual sources as it induces them from human actions. Reason is also the glue that binds individuals into a whole. If reason is not the common standard between human beings in communicating and understanding, the will to power takes over. Might will be substituted for right. Islam opens all avenues toward the promotion of reason and blocks all paths toward anti-reason." Hassan Hanafi In the intricate tapestry of Islamic thought, the role of reason cannot be understated. Hassan Hanafi, a prominent Egyptian philosopher, eloquently articulates this sentiment: “Reason is the very foundation of faith.” His assertion invites a profound exploration of how reason shapes not only individual belief systems but also the collective identity of Muslim communities. In a world fraught with ideological divides and power struggles, Hanafi’s perspective serves as a crucial reminder of the importance of reason as a unifying force in humanity in general. Reason as a Foundation of Faith Hanafi emphasises that reason is not merely a tool for logical deduction, but also a source of inductive understanding. This duality of reason allows individuals to derive ethical principles and behavioural norms from both textual sources, such as the Qur’an and Hadith, and from the lived experiences of humanity. In this light, reason becomes an active participant in the interpretation of faith, enabling believers to engage with their religious texts in a dynamic and meaningful way. The Qur’anic verses that call upon human beings to reflect and ponder—such as “Do they not reflect upon the Qur’an, or are there locks upon their hearts?” (Qur’an 47:24)—underscore the imperative of reason in faith. This engagement is not a mere intellectual exercise; it is a spiritual journey that deepens one’s connection to God and to the moral fabric of society. By invoking reason, individuals can reconcile their faith with the complexities of modern life, fostering a more profound and authentic belief. Reason as a Social Glue realm, reason serves as a critical binding agent within communities. Hanafi posits that “reason is also the glue that binds individuals into a whole.” This assertion is particularly significant in today’s globalized world, where cultural and ideological differences often lead to conflict and division. A shared commitment to reason allows for constructive dialogue, mutual understanding, and collaboration among diverse groups. In Islamic history, the emphasis on reason has led to significant advancements in various fields, from philosophy to science. The Islamic Golden Age witnessed scholars like Al-Farabi and Ibn Rushd (Averroes) who used reason to harmonize faith with philosophy, ultimately enriching both domains. This legacy of intellectual inquiry should inspire contemporary Muslims to embrace reason as a means of fostering unity and addressing societal challenges. The Threat of Anti-Reason Hanafi warnsthat in the absence of a common standard of reason, “the will to power takes over.” This observation resonates deeply in an era where dogma and authoritarianism often overshadow rational discourse. When might is prioritized over right, ethical considerations can be easily dismissed, leading to oppression and injustice. The rise of extremist ideologies, which manipulate religious sentiments to justify violence, starkly illustrates the consequences of abandoning reason. Islam, at its core, advocates for justice, compassion, and the dignity of all individuals. However, when reason is side-lined, these foundational principles can be distorted. Hanafi’s assertion reminds us that the promotion of reason is not merely an academic endeavour; it is a moral imperativethat safeguards the values of Islam against the encroachment of tyranny and injustice. The Role of Education To cultivate a culture of reason in Islam, education plays a pivotal role. Hanafi’s call to promote reason must be reflected in educational systems that encourage critical thinking and open dialogue. Islamic educational institutions should prioritise teaching students how to engage with texts critically, fostering an environment where questioning and debate are not only accepted but encouraged. Moreover, the integrationof contemporary knowledge with traditional Islamicteachings can provide students with the tools necessary to navigate the complexities of modern life. By equipping future generations with the ability to reason and reflect, we can nurture a community that values justice, equity, and intellectual curiosity. The Global Muslim Community The concept of Ummah, or community, is central to Islamic identity. Hanafi’s perspective on reason highlights the importance of fostering a global Muslim community grounded in rational discourse. In a world where sectarianismand nationalism often fracture unity, the shared commitment to reason can serve as a powerful antidote. Initiatives that promote interfaith dialogue and cooperation, based on mutual respect and understanding, can bridge the gapsbetween diverse Muslim communities. By emphasising commonalities rooted in reason, Muslims can work together to address shared challenges, ultimately strengthening the bonds of Ummah. Hassan Hanafi’s reflections on reason in Islam offer a profound lens through which to view the interplay between faith, community, and ethics. By recognizing reason as the foundation of faith, the glue that binds individuals, and a safeguard against oppression, we can foster a more inclusive and just society. As Muslims navigate the complexities of the modern world, embracing reason as a guiding principle will not only enhance individual understanding but also promote unity and resilience within the global Muslim community. In a time when the future of humanity is increasingly uncertain, the call to reason is more vital than ever. It is through reason that we can uphold the values of justice, compassion, and dignity—principles that lie at the heart of Islam. By championing reason, we can ensure that the will to power does not overshadow the quest for truth and moral righteousness, forging a path toward a more equitable world for all. ------ Checkout Dr. Adis Duderija’s personal website at: https://dradisduderija.com/ ---- A decades old patron of New Age Islam, Dr Adis Duderija is a Senior Lecturer in the Study of Islam and Society, School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science; Senior Fellow Centre for Interfaith and Intercultural Dialogue, Griffith University | Nathan | Queensland | Australia. His forthcoming books are ( co-edited)- Shame, Modesty, and Honora in Islam and Interfaith Engagement Beyond the Divide (Springer) URL: https://www.newageislam.com/debating-islam/reason-foundations-faith-community/d/133350 New Age Islam, Islam Online, Islamic Website, African Muslim News, Arab World News, South Asia News, Indian Muslim News, World Muslim News, Women in Islam, Islamic Feminism, Arab Women, Women In Arab, Islamophobia in America, Muslim Women in West, Islam Women and Feminism